The client-server model is basic to distributed systems.It is a response to the limitations presented by the traditional mainframe client-host model,in which a single mainframe provides shared data access to many dumb terminals.The client-server model is also a response to the local area network (LAN) model, in which many isolated systems access a file server that provides no processing power.
Client-server architecture provides integration of data and services and allows clients to be isolated from inherent complexities, such as communication protocols.The simplicity of the client-server architecture allows clients to make requests that are routed to the appropriate server.These requests are made in the form of transactions. Client transactions are often SQL or PL/SQL procedures and functions that access individual databases and services.
The Components of the Client-Server Model
The client server model consists of three parts-- The client
- The server
- The network
Discuss the Views development technologies for the browser-based client-components of
web-based applications
Before moving on to the criteria for choosing a modern web technology stack, you should clearly understand what comprises the process of web application development.
- HTML (HyperText Markup Language)
- CSS (Cascading Style Sheets)
- JavaScript
- Ajax (Asynchronous JavaScript and XML)
- jQuery (JavaScript Framework Library - commonly used in Ajax development)
- Moo Tools (JavaScript Framework Library - commonly used in Ajax development)
- Dojo Toolkit (JavaScript Framework Library - commonly used in Ajax development)
Server-Side Programming
- Ruby (Ruby on Rails)
- Python (Django, Flask, Pylons)
- PHP (Laravel)
- Java (Spring)
- Scala (Play)
Controller development technologies for the browser-based client-components
of web-based applications
Model,view and controller (MVC) is a well-known three-layer development architecture used for web applications developments.This paper presents the key insight related to the MVC layers, its uses, advantages and practices concerning MVC during web applications developments.We explain the all three layers in detail and their functionalities.The main objective of the study is to provide holistic view about each layer of the MVC and main functionalities and advantages of the MVC.Specifically, we explain the best practices concerning MVC based web applications developments. Furthermore,we explain the related technologies which are used in conjunction with MVC based web applications.
client-Model development technologies for the browser-based clientcomponents of web-based applications
In computing, a web application or web app is a client–server computer program which the client(including the user interface and client-side logic) runs in a web browser. Common web applications include web mail,online retail sales,and online auction.
- HTTP.
- CGI.
- SCGI.
- FCGI.
- AJP.
- WARP.
- Web Socket.
Different categories of elements in HTML, proving examples for their use
CSS 3 a new version of CSS or cascading style sheet benefits from technical features and properties. From better maintenance, loading speed, and layout design properties CSS 3 is much more versatile.Designers get to implement the design elements from CSS 3 in a simpler manner.
Multi column layout
Multiple backgrounds
Text shadow
Border Radius
CSS 3 a new version of CSS or cascading style sheet benefits from technical features and properties. From better maintenance, loading speed, and layout design properties CSS 3 is much more versatile.Designers get to implement the design elements from CSS 3 in a simpler manner.
Multi column layout
Multiple backgrounds
Text shadow
Border Radius
3 main types of CSS selectors
Introducing CSS Selectors
A CSS selector is the part of a CSS rule set that actually selects the content you want to style. Let’s look at all the different kinds of selectors available,with a brief description of each
Universal Selector
The universal selector works like a wild card character,selecting all elements on a page. Every HTML page is built on content placed within HTML tags.Each set of tags represents an element on the page.Look at the following CSS example, which uses the universal selector:
Element Type Selector
Also referred to simply as a "type selector," this selector must match one or more HTML elements of the same name. Thus,a selector of nav would match all HTML
nav elements, and a selector of <ul> would match all HTML unordered lists,or <ul>elements.An ID selector is declared using a hash,or pound symbol (#) preceding a string of characters. The string of characters is defined by the developer.This selector matches any HTML element that has an ID attribute with the same value as that of the selector,but minus the hash symbol.
Advanced CSS selectors explaining the specificity
With it we can completely transform the look of a website in just a couple of minutes, and without even having to touch the markup. But despite the fact that we are all well aware of its usefulness CSS selectors are still not used to their full potential and we sometimes have the tendency to litter our HTML with excessive and unnecessary classes and ids divs and spans.The best way to avoid these plagues spreading in your markup and keep it clean and semantic, is by using more complex CSS selectors,ones that can target specific elements without the need of a class or an id, and by doing that keep our code and our stylesheets flexible.
CSS Specificity
Before delving into the realms of advanced CSS selectors,it s important to understand how CSS specificity works, so that we know how to properly use our selectors and to avoid us spending hours debugging for a CSS issue that could be easily fixed if we had only payed attention to the specificity.
CSS media queries in responsive web development
- Responsive web design has exploded in popularity — thanks to the need to create sites that work across numerous devices.
- responsive design comes with some problems of its own.
- One of these tricks is the use of media queries,which work to call styles to the user device based on its dimensions.
Additional expalne follw this link
Identify the pros and cons of 3 ways of using CSS (inline, internal, external)
Internal CSS
Internal CSS code is put in the
<head> section of a particular page.The classes and IDs can be used to refer to the CSS code,but they are only active on that particular page. CSS styles embedded this way are downloaded each time the page loads so it may increase loading speed.However,there are some cases when using internal stylesheet is useful.One example would be sending someone a page template – as everything is in one page, it is a lot easier to see a preview. Internal CSS is put in between <style></style> tags. An example of internal stylesheet.
Advantages of Internal CSS:
- Only one page is affected by stylesheet.
- Classes and IDs can be used by internal stylesheet.
- There is no need to upload multiple files. HTML and CSS can be in the same file.
Disadvantages of Internal CSS:
- Increased page loading time.
- It affects only one page – not useful if you want to use the same CSS on multiple documents.
Probably the most convenient way to add CSS to your website, is to link it to an external css file. That way any changes you made to an external CSS file will be reflected on your website globally.A reference to an external CSS file is put in the
<head> section of the page:
Advantages of External CSS:
- Smaller size of HTML pages and cleaner structure.
- Faster loading speed.
- Same .css file can be used on multiple pages.
Disadvantages of External CSS:
- Until external CSS is loaded, the page may not be rendered correctly.
Inline CSS
Inline CSS is used for a specific HTML tag.
<style> attribute is used to style a particular HTML tag. Using CSS this way is not recommended, as each HTML tag needs to be styled individually. Managing your website may become too hard if you only use inline CSS. However, it can be useful in some situations. For example, in cases when you don’t have an access to CSS files or need to apply style for a single element only. An example of HTML page with inline CSS would look like this:
Advantages of Inline CSS:
- Useful if you want to test and preview changes.
- Useful for quick-fixes.
- Lower HTTP requests.
Disadvantages of Inline CSS:
- Inline CSS must be applied to every element.
client-side component development related aspects in browser-based web applications
The internet is steadily moving towards active user engagement and extended functionality offered by web apps. As they are replacing websites, more and more developers are interested in how to develop web apps and attract more visitors to their web resources.
One of the challenges any aspiring developer can encounter before trying their hand in web application development is choosing the type and the component model of web application architecture.Our article will dot the is on the matter and help you choose well.
Discuss the new features in JS version 6
- arrows
- classes
- enhanced object literals
- template strings
- restructuring
- default + rest + spread
- let + const
- iterators + for..of
- generators
- Unicode
- modules
- module loaders
- map + set + weak map + weakest
- proxies
- symbols
- subclass able built-ins
- promises
- math + number + string + array + object APIs
- binary and octal literals
- reflect api
- tail calls
Arrows
Arrows are a function shorthand using the
=> syntax. They are syntactically similar to the related feature in C#, Java 8 and Coffee Script. They support both statement block bodies as well as expression bodies which return the value of the expression. Unlike functions, arrows share the same lexical this as their surrounding code.Classes
ES6 classes are a simple sugar over the prototype-based OO pattern.Having a single convenient declarative form makes class patterns easier to use,and encourages inseparability. Classes support prototype-based inheritance,super calls,instance and static methods and constructors.
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